Routing

App routing

Your Wave app gets hosted at the route you passed to @app().

from h2o_wave import Q, main, app
@app('/foo')
async def serve(q: Q):
pass

To host your app at localhost:10101/foo or www.example.com/foo, pass /foo to @app().

To host your app at localhost:10101 or www.example.com, pass / to @app(). Do this if you plan to host exactly one app and nothing else.

You can host multiple apps behind a single Wave server.

caution

/foo and /foo/bar are two distinct paths. /foo/bar is not interpreted as a sub-path of /foo.

Hash routing

Wave apps support hash routing, a popular client-side mechanism where the location hash (the baz/qux in /foo/bar#baz/qux) can be used to decide which part of the UI to display.

Setting the location hash

To set the location hash, prefix # to the name attribute of command-like components. When the command is invoked, the location hash is set to the name of the command.

For example, if a button is named foo is clicked, q.args.foo is set to True. Instead, if a button named #foo is clicked, the location hash is set to foo (q.args.foo is not set).

from h2o_wave import Q, main, app, ui
@app('/toss')
async def serve(q: Q):
q.page['sides'] = ui.form_card(
box='1 1 4 4',
items=[
ui.button(name='#heads', label='Heads'),
ui.button(name='#tails', label='Tails'),
],
)
await q.page.save()

Names don't have to be alphanumeric, so you can use names with nested sub-paths like #foo/bar, #foo/bar/baz, #foo/bar/baz/qux to make route-handling more manageable.

The components that support setting a location hash are:

  • ui.button()
  • ui.command()
  • ui.nav_item()
  • ui.tab()
  • ui.breadcrumb()

Getting the location hash

To get the location hash, read q.args['#'] (a string). If the route in the browser's address bar is /foo/bar#baz/qux, q.args['#'] is set to baz/qux.

from h2o_wave import Q, main, app, ui
@app('/toss')
async def serve(q: Q):
hash = q.args['#']
if hash == 'heads':
print('Heads!')
elif hash == 'tails':
print('Tails!')
q.page.save()

Hash route switching

Combining the two examples above gives us a basic pattern for handling routes and updating the user interface:

from h2o_wave import Q, main, app, ui
@app('/toss')
async def serve(q: Q):
hash = q.args['#']
if hash == 'heads':
q.page['sides'].items = [ui.message_bar(text='Heads!')]
elif hash == 'tails':
q.page['sides'].items = [ui.message_bar(text='Tails!')]
else:
q.page['sides'] = ui.form_card(
box='1 1 4 4',
items=[
ui.button(name='#heads', label='Heads'),
ui.button(name='#tails', label='Tails'),
],
)
await q.page.save()

Organizing code

In most sizeable applications, the logic in the above if/elif/else conditionals can call into sub-functions, possibly spread across other modules:

from h2o_wave import Q, main, app, ui
async def on_heads(q: Q):
q.page['sides'].items = [ui.message_bar(text='Heads!')]
async def on_tails(q: Q):
q.page['sides'].items = [ui.message_bar(text='Tails!')]
async def setup_page(q: Q):
q.page['sides'] = ui.form_card(
box='1 1 4 4',
items=[
ui.button(name='#heads', label='Heads'),
ui.button(name='#tails', label='Tails'),
],
)
@app('/toss')
async def serve(q: Q):
hash = q.args['#']
if hash == 'heads':
await on_heads(q)
elif hash == 'tails':
await on_tails(q)
else:
await setup_page(q)
await q.page.save()

Reducing boilerplate

As your application gets larger, using the above if/elif/else conditionals can seem tedious or repetitive. If so, you can use on and handle_on to reduce the boilerplate.

from h2o_wave import Q, main, app, ui, on, handle_on
@on('#heads')
async def on_heads(q: Q):
q.page['sides'].items = [ui.message_bar(text='Heads!')]
@on('#tails')
async def on_tails(q: Q):
q.page['sides'].items = [ui.message_bar(text='Tails!')]
async def setup_page(q: Q):
q.page['sides'] = ui.form_card(
box='1 1 4 4',
items=[
ui.button(name='#heads', label='Heads'),
ui.button(name='#tails', label='Tails'),
],
)
@app('/toss')
async def serve(q: Q):
if not await handle_on(q):
await setup_page(q)
await q.page.save()

In the above example, the @on('#heads') is read as "if q.args['#'] is 'heads', then invoke the function the @on() is applied to" - in this case, on_heads().

Pattern matching

The @on() annotation supports pattern matching.

This function is called when q.args['#'] == 'menu':

@on('#menu')
async def show_menu(q: Q):
pass

This function is called when q.args['#'] == 'menu/donuts':

@on('#menu/donuts')
async def show_donuts(q: Q):
pass

This function is called when q.args['#'] matches, say, 'menu/donuts/chocolate', with the parameter donut_name set to 'chocolate':

@on('#menu/donuts/{donut_name}')
async def show_donut(q: Q, donut_name: str):
pass

Same as above, but donut_name is explicitly set to a string:

@on('#menu/donuts/{donut_name:str}')
async def show_donut(q: Q, donut_name: str):
pass

This function is called when q.args['#'] matches, say, 'menu/donuts/42', with the parameter donut_id set to 42:

@on('#menu/donuts/{donut_id:int}')
async def show_donut(q: Q, donut_id: int):
pass

This function is called when q.args['#'] matches, say, 'menu/donuts/7e21c93f-3a8f-4994-b63e-4275bc975e60', with the parameter donut_id set to the UUID:

@on('#menu/donuts/{donut_id:uuid}')
async def show_donut(q: Q, donut_id: uuid.UUID):
pass

This function is called when q.args['#'] matches, say, 'menu/donuts/below/2.99', with the parameter donut_price set to 2.99:

@on('#menu/donuts/below/{donut_price:float}')
async def show_donuts_below(q: Q, donut_price: float):
pass
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